8. Siṅgālasuttaṃ

242. Evaṃ me sutaṃ – ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena siṅgālako [sigālako (sī.)] gahapatiputto kālasseva uṭṭhāya rājagahā nikkhamitvā allavattho allakeso pañjaliko puthudisā [puthuddisā (sī. syā. pī.)] namassati – puratthimaṃ disaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ disaṃ pacchimaṃ disaṃ uttaraṃ disaṃ heṭṭhimaṃ disaṃ uparimaṃ disaṃ.

243. Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya rājagahaṃ piṇḍāya pāvisi. Addasā kho bhagavā siṅgālakaṃ gahapatiputtaṃ kālasseva vuṭṭhāya rājagahā nikkhamitvā allavatthaṃ allakesaṃ pañjalikaṃ puthudisā namassantaṃ – puratthimaṃ disaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ disaṃ pacchimaṃ disaṃ uttaraṃ disaṃ heṭṭhimaṃ disaṃ uparimaṃ disaṃ. Disvā siṅgālakaṃ gahapatiputtaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘kiṃ nu kho tvaṃ, gahapatiputta, kālasseva uṭṭhāya rājagahā nikkhamitvā allavattho allakeso pañjaliko puthudisā namassasi – puratthimaṃ disaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ disaṃ pacchimaṃ disaṃ uttaraṃ disaṃ heṭṭhimaṃ disaṃ uparimaṃ disa’’nti? ‘‘Pitā maṃ, bhante, kālaṃ karonto evaṃ avaca – ‘disā, tāta, namasseyyāsī’ti. So kho ahaṃ, bhante, pituvacanaṃ sakkaronto garuṃ karonto mānento pūjento kālasseva uṭṭhāya rājagahā nikkhamitvā allavattho allakeso pañjaliko puthudisā namassāmi – puratthimaṃ disaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ disaṃ pacchimaṃ disaṃ uttaraṃ disaṃ heṭṭhimaṃ disaṃ uparimaṃ disa’’nti.

Cha disā

244. ‘‘Na kho, gahapatiputta, ariyassa vinaye evaṃ cha disā [chaddisā (sī. pī.)] namassitabbā’’ti. ‘‘Yathā kathaṃ pana, bhante, ariyassa vinaye cha disā [chaddisā (sī. pī.)] namassitabbā? Sādhu me, bhante, bhagavā tathā dhammaṃ desetu, yathā ariyassa vinaye cha disā [chaddisā (sī. pī.)] namassitabbā’’ti.

‘‘Tena hi, gahapatiputta suṇohi sādhukaṃ manasikarohi bhāsissāmī’’ti. ‘‘Evaṃ, bhante’’ti kho siṅgālako gahapatiputto bhagavato paccassosi. Bhagavā etadavoca –

‘‘Yato kho, gahapatiputta, ariyasāvakassa cattāro kammakilesā pahīnā honti, catūhi ca ṭhānehi pāpakammaṃ na karoti, cha ca bhogānaṃ apāyamukhāni na sevati, so evaṃ cuddasa pāpakāpagato chaddisāpaṭicchādī [paṭicchādī hoti (syā.)] ubholokavijayāya paṭipanno hoti. Tassa ayañceva loko āraddho hoti paro ca loko. So kāyassa bhedā paraṃ maraṇā sugatiṃ saggaṃ lokaṃ upapajjati.

Cattārokammakilesā

245. ‘‘Katamassa cattāro kammakilesā pahīnā honti? Pāṇātipāto kho, gahapatiputta, kammakileso, adinnādānaṃ kammakileso, kāmesumicchācāro kammakileso, musāvādo kammakileso. Imassa cattāro kammakilesā pahīnā hontī’’ti. Idamavoca bhagavā, idaṃ vatvāna [idaṃ vatvā (sī. pī.) evamīdisesu ṭhānesu] sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –

‘‘Pāṇātipāto adinnādānaṃ, musāvādo ca vuccati;

Paradāragamanañceva, nappasaṃsanti paṇḍitā’’ti.

Catuṭṭhānaṃ

246. ‘‘Katamehi catūhi ṭhānehi pāpakammaṃ na karoti? Chandāgatiṃ gacchanto pāpakammaṃ karoti, dosāgatiṃ gacchanto pāpakammaṃ karoti, mohāgatiṃ gacchanto pāpakammaṃ karoti, bhayāgatiṃ gacchanto pāpakammaṃ karoti. Yato kho, gahapatiputta, ariyasāvako neva chandāgatiṃ gacchati, na dosāgatiṃ gacchati, na mohāgatiṃ gacchati, na bhayāgatiṃ gacchati; imehi catūhi ṭhānehi pāpakammaṃ na karotī’’ti. Idamavoca bhagavā, idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –

‘‘Chandā dosā bhayā mohā, yo dhammaṃ ativattati;

Nihīyati yaso tassa [tassa yeso (bahūsu, vinayepi)], kāḷapakkheva candimā.

‘‘Chandā dosā bhayā mohā, yo dhammaṃ nātivattati;

Āpūrati yaso tassa [tassa yeso (bahūsu, vinayepi)], sukkapakkheva [juṇhapakkheva (ka.)] candimā’’ti.

Cha apāyamukhāni

247. ‘‘Katamāni cha bhogānaṃ apāyamukhāni na sevati? Surāmerayamajjappamādaṭṭhānānuyogo kho, gahapatiputta, bhogānaṃ apāyamukhaṃ, vikālavisikhācariyānuyogo bhogānaṃ apāyamukhaṃ, samajjābhicaraṇaṃ bhogānaṃ apāyamukhaṃ, jūtappamādaṭṭhānānuyogo bhogānaṃ apāyamukhaṃ, pāpamittānuyogo bhogānaṃ apāyamukhaṃ, ālasyānuyogo [ālasānuyogo (sī. syā. pī.)] bhogānaṃ apāyamukhaṃ.

Surāmerayassa cha ādīnavā



这是《长部》中的《教授尸迦罗越经》的开头部分。我将按照您的要求直译成简体中文:
教授尸迦罗越经
如是我闻。一时,世尊住王舍城(现在的拉杰吉尔)竹林栗鼠feeding ground。那时,尸迦罗越居士子清晨起床,离开王舍城,衣服湿漉漉,头发湿漉漉,合掌向各方礼拜 - 东方、南方、西方、北方、下方、上方。
那时,世尊在上午穿好衣服,拿着钵和袈裟,进入王舍城乞食。世尊看见尸迦罗越居士子清晨起床,离开王舍城,衣服湿漉漉,头发湿漉漉,合掌向各方礼拜 - 东方、南方、西方、北方、下方、上方。看见后,世尊对尸迦罗越居士子说:"居士子啊,你为什么清晨起床,离开王舍城,衣服湿漉漉,头发湿漉漉,合掌向各方礼拜 - 东方、南方、西方、北方、下方、上方呢?""尊者,我父亲临终时这样对我说:'孩子啊,你应该礼拜诸方。'尊者,我尊重、尊敬、崇敬、供养父亲的话,所以清晨起床,离开王舍城,衣服湿漉漉,头发湿漉漉,合掌向各方礼拜 - 东方、南方、西方、北方、下方、上方。"
六方
"居士子啊,在圣者的教法中,不应该这样礼拜六方。""那么,尊者,在圣者的教法中,应该如何礼拜六方呢?请世尊为我讲说,在圣者的教法中应该如何礼拜六方。""那么,居士子,请仔细听,好好思考,我要讲说了。""是的,尊者。"尸迦罗越居士子回答世尊。世尊说道:
"居士子啊,当圣弟子断除了四种业垢,不从四个方面做恶业,不从事六种损失财富的行为,他就这样远离十四种恶行,覆护六方,走上征服两世的道路。他成就今世,也成就来世。他身坏命终后,会往生善趣天界。
四种业垢
"什么是他断除的四种业垢?居士子啊,杀生是业垢,偷盗是业垢,邪淫是业垢,妄语是业垢。这四种业垢被断除了。"世尊说了这些,善逝、导师又接着说:
"杀生和偷盗,以及所说的妄语,
还有与他人妻通奸,智者都不赞叹。"
四个方面
"从哪四个方面不做恶业?因偏爱而做恶业,因嗔恨而做恶业,因愚痴而做恶业,因恐惧而做恶业。居士子啊,当圣弟子不因偏爱、不因嗔恨、不因愚痴、不因恐惧而行动时,他就从这四个方面不做恶业了。"世尊说了这些,善逝、导师又接着说:
"因贪欲、嗔恨、恐惧、愚痴而违背正法的人,
他的名声会衰减,如同月亮在黑半月。
不因贪欲、嗔恨、恐惧、愚痴而违背正法的人,
他的名声会增长,如同月亮在白半月。"
六种损失财富的行为
"什么是他不从事的六种损失财富的行为?居士子啊,沉溺于酒类麻醉品是损失财富的行为,在不适当的时间在街上游荡是损失财富的行为,经常出入歌舞娱乐场所是损失财富的行为,沉溺于赌博是损失财富的行为,结交损友是损失财富的行为,懒惰是损失财富的行为。
酒类麻醉品的六种过患

248. ‘‘Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā surāmerayamajjappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge. Sandiṭṭhikā dhanajāni [dhanañjāni (sī. pī.)], kalahappavaḍḍhanī, rogānaṃ āyatanaṃ, akittisañjananī, kopīnanidaṃsanī , paññāya dubbalikaraṇītveva chaṭṭhaṃ padaṃ bhavati. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā surāmerayamajjappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge.

Vikālacariyāya cha ādīnavā

249. ‘‘Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā vikālavisikhācariyānuyoge. Attāpissa agutto arakkhito hoti, puttadāropissa agutto arakkhito hoti, sāpateyyaṃpissa aguttaṃ arakkhitaṃ hoti, saṅkiyo ca hoti pāpakesu ṭhānesu [tesu tesu ṭhānesu (syā.)], abhūtavacanañca tasmiṃ rūhati, bahūnañca dukkhadhammānaṃ purakkhato hoti. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā vikālavisikhācariyānuyoge.

Samajjābhicaraṇassa cha ādīnavā

250. ‘‘Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā samajjābhicaraṇe. Kva [kuvaṃ (ka. sī. pī.)] naccaṃ, kva gītaṃ, kva vāditaṃ, kva akkhānaṃ, kva pāṇissaraṃ, kva kumbhathunanti. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā samajjābhicaraṇe.

Jūtappamādassa cha ādīnavā

251. ‘‘Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā jūtappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge. Jayaṃ veraṃ pasavati, jino vittamanusocati, sandiṭṭhikā dhanajāni, sabhāgatassa [sabhāye tassa (ka.)] vacanaṃ na rūhati, mittāmaccānaṃ paribhūto hoti, āvāhavivāhakānaṃ apatthito hoti – ‘akkhadhutto ayaṃ purisapuggalo nālaṃ dārabharaṇāyā’ti. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā jūtappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge.

Pāpamittatāya cha ādīnavā

252. ‘‘Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā pāpamittānuyoge. Ye dhuttā, ye soṇḍā, ye pipāsā, ye nekatikā, ye vañcanikā, ye sāhasikā. Tyāssa mittā honti te sahāyā. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā pāpamittānuyoge.

Ālasyassa cha ādīnavā

253. ‘‘Cha khome, gahapatiputta, ādīnavā ālasyānuyoge. Atisītanti kammaṃ na karoti, atiuṇhanti kammaṃ na karoti, atisāyanti kammaṃ na karoti, atipātoti kammaṃ na karoti, atichātosmīti kammaṃ na karoti, atidhātosmīti kammaṃ na karoti. Tassa evaṃ kiccāpadesabahulassa viharato anuppannā ceva bhogā nuppajjanti, uppannā ca bhogā parikkhayaṃ gacchanti. Ime kho, gahapatiputta, cha ādīnavā ālasyānuyoge’’ti. Idamavoca bhagavā, idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –

‘‘Hoti pānasakhā nāma,

Hoti sammiyasammiyo;

Yo ca atthesu jātesu,

Sahāyo hoti so sakhā.

‘‘Ussūraseyyā paradārasevanā,

Verappasavo [verappasaṅgo (sī. syā. pī.)] ca anatthatā ca;

Pāpā ca mittā sukadariyatā ca,

Ete cha ṭhānā purisaṃ dhaṃsayanti.

‘‘Pāpamitto pāpasakho,

Pāpaācāragocaro;

Asmā lokā paramhā ca,

Ubhayā dhaṃsate naro.

‘‘Akkhitthiyo vāruṇī naccagītaṃ,

Divā soppaṃ pāricariyā akāle;

Pāpā ca mittā sukadariyatā ca,

Ete cha ṭhānā purisaṃ dhaṃsayanti.

‘‘Akkhehi dibbanti suraṃ pivanti,

Yantitthiyo pāṇasamā paresaṃ;

Nihīnasevī na ca vuddhasevī [vuddhisevī (syā.), buddhisevī (ka.)],

Nihīyate kāḷapakkheva cando.

‘‘Yo vāruṇī addhano akiñcano,

Pipāso pivaṃ papāgato [pipāsosi atthapāgato (syā.), pipāsopi samappapāgato (ka.)];

Udakamiva iṇaṃ vigāhati,

Akulaṃ [ākulaṃ (syā. ka.)] kāhiti khippamattano.

‘‘Na divā soppasīlena, rattimuṭṭhānadessinā [rattinuṭṭhānadassinā (sī. pī.), rattinuṭṭhānasīlinā (?)];

Niccaṃ mattena soṇḍena, sakkā āvasituṃ gharaṃ.

‘‘Atisītaṃ atiuṇhaṃ, atisāyamidaṃ ahu;

Iti vissaṭṭhakammante, atthā accenti māṇave.

‘‘Yodha sītañca uṇhañca, tiṇā bhiyyo na maññati;

Karaṃ purisakiccāni, so sukhaṃ [sukhā (sabbattha) aṭṭhakathā oloketabbā] na vihāyatī’’ti.

Mittapatirūpakā

254. ‘‘Cattārome, gahapatiputta, amittā mittapatirūpakā veditabbā. Aññadatthuharo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo, vacīparamo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo, anuppiyabhāṇī amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo, apāyasahāyo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.



"居士子啊,沉溺于酒类麻醉品有这六种过患。现世损失财富,增加争吵,是疾病的来源,招致恶名,暴露私处,削弱智慧是第六种。居士子啊,这就是沉溺于酒类麻醉品的六种过患。
在不适当的时间在街上游荡的六种过患
"居士子啊,在不适当的时间在街上游荡有这六种过患。自己不受保护和看管,妻儿不受保护和看管,财产不受保护和看管,会被怀疑做坏事,会有不实的谣言传播,会遭遇许多痛苦的事。居士子啊,这就是在不适当的时间在街上游荡的六种过患。
经常出入歌舞娱乐场所的六种过患
"居士子啊,经常出入歌舞娱乐场所有这六种过患。'哪里有舞蹈?哪里有歌唱?哪里有音乐?哪里有说书?哪里有手鼓?哪里有铜鼓?'居士子啊,这就是经常出入歌舞娱乐场所的六种过患。
沉溺于赌博的六种过患
"居士子啊,沉溺于赌博有这六种过患。赢了会招致仇恨,输了会为失去财物而悲伤,现世损失财富,在集会上说的话不被采纳,被朋友和同事轻视,不被考虑为婚姻对象,因为人们会说:'这个人是赌徒,不适合养家。'居士子啊,这就是沉溺于赌博的六种过患。
结交损友的六种过患
"居士子啊,结交损友有这六种过患。赌徒、酒鬼、酒徒、骗子、欺诈者、暴力者,这些人会成为他的朋友和伙伴。居士子啊,这就是结交损友的六种过患。
懒惰的六种过患
"居士子啊,懒惰有这六种过患。说'太冷了'就不工作,说'太热了'就不工作,说'太晚了'就不工作,说'太早了'就不工作,说'太饿了'就不工作,说'太饱了'就不工作。他这样找借口不工作,未获得的财富就不会获得,已获得的财富就会消耗殆尽。居士子啊,这就是懒惰的六种过患。"世尊说了这些,善逝、导师又接着说:
"有人被称为酒友,
有人被称为好朋友;
但在需要的时候,
能帮助的才是真朋友。
睡到日上三竿,通奸他人妻子,
招致仇恨,做无益之事,
结交损友,极度吝啬,
这六种行为会毁灭一个人。
结交损友,与恶人为伍,
行为不端,品行不良,
这样的人会在今世和来世,
两世都遭到毁灭。
赌博、女色、酒类、歌舞,
白天睡觉,不当时间游荡街头,
结交损友,极度吝啬,
这六种行为会毁灭一个人。
他们玩骰子,喝烈酒,
与他人如生命般珍视的女人交往;
亲近卑劣之人,不亲近高尚之人,
他会衰落,如同月亮在黑半月。
一个酒鬼,贫穷一无所有,
口渴难耐,在酒馆里喝酒;
他会像沉入水中一样陷入债务,
很快就会使自己的家族陷入困境。
不应该养成白天睡觉的习惯,讨厌晚上起床;
经常醉酒成为酒徒的人,是无法管理家庭的。
'太冷了''太热了''太晚了',这样说;
放弃工作的人,机会就从年轻人身边溜走了。
但是那些不把冷和热看得比草还重要的人,
履行男子汉的职责,他不会失去幸福。"
假冒朋友
"居士子啊,这四种人应该被视为假冒朋友的敌人。只顾着拿走东西的人应该被视为假冒朋友的敌人,只会说漂亮话的人应该被视为假冒朋友的敌人,阿谀奉承的人应该被视为假冒朋友的敌人,只在享乐时作伴的人应该被视为假冒朋友的敌人。

255. ‘‘Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi aññadatthuharo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.

‘‘Aññadatthuharo hoti, appena bahumicchati ;

Bhayassa kiccaṃ karoti, sevati atthakāraṇā.

‘‘Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi aññadatthuharo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.

256. ‘‘Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi vacīparamo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo. Atītena paṭisantharati [paṭisandharati (ka.)], anāgatena paṭisantharati, niratthakena saṅgaṇhāti, paccuppannesu kiccesu byasanaṃ dasseti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi vacīparamo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.

257. ‘‘Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi anuppiyabhāṇī amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo. Pāpakaṃpissa [pāpakammaṃpissa (syā.)] anujānāti, kalyāṇaṃpissa anujānāti, sammukhāssa vaṇṇaṃ bhāsati, parammukhāssa avaṇṇaṃ bhāsati. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi anuppiyabhāṇī amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo.

258. ‘‘Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi apāyasahāyo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo . Surāmeraya majjappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge sahāyo hoti, vikāla visikhā cariyānuyoge sahāyo hoti, samajjābhicaraṇe sahāyo hoti, jūtappamādaṭṭhānānuyoge sahāyo hoti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi apāyasahāyo amitto mittapatirūpako veditabbo’’ti.

259. Idamavoca bhagavā, idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –

‘‘Aññadatthuharo mitto, yo ca mitto vacīparo [vacīparamo (syā.)];

Anuppiyañca yo āha, apāyesu ca yo sakhā.

Ete amitte cattāro, iti viññāya paṇḍito;

Ārakā parivajjeyya, maggaṃ paṭibhayaṃ yathā’’ti.

Suhadamitto

260. ‘‘Cattārome , gahapatiputta, mittā suhadā veditabbā. Upakāro [upakārako (syā.)] mitto suhado veditabbo, samānasukhadukkho mitto suhado veditabbo, atthakkhāyī mitto suhado veditabbo, anukampako mitto suhado veditabbo.

261. ‘‘Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi upakāro mitto suhado veditabbo. Pamattaṃ rakkhati, pamattassa sāpateyyaṃ rakkhati, bhītassa saraṇaṃ hoti, uppannesu kiccakaraṇīyesu taddiguṇaṃ bhogaṃ anuppadeti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi upakāro mitto suhado veditabbo.

262. ‘‘Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi samānasukhadukkho mitto suhado veditabbo. Guyhamassa ācikkhati, guyhamassa parigūhati, āpadāsu na vijahati, jīvitaṃpissa atthāya pariccattaṃ hoti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi samānasukhadukkho mitto suhado veditabbo.

263. ‘‘Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi atthakkhāyī mitto suhado veditabbo. Pāpā nivāreti, kalyāṇe niveseti, assutaṃ sāveti, saggassa maggaṃ ācikkhati. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi atthakkhāyī mitto suhado veditabbo.

264. ‘‘Catūhi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi anukampako mitto suhado veditabbo. Abhavenassa na nandati, bhavenassa nandati, avaṇṇaṃ bhaṇamānaṃ nivāreti, vaṇṇaṃ bhaṇamānaṃ pasaṃsati. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, catūhi ṭhānehi anukampako mitto suhado veditabbo’’ti.

265. Idamavoca bhagavā, idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –

‘‘Upakāro ca yo mitto, sukhe dukkhe [sukhadukkho (syā. ka.)] ca yo sakhā [yo ca mitto sukhe dukkhe (sī. pī.)];

Atthakkhāyī ca yo mitto, yo ca mittānukampako.

‘‘Etepi mitte cattāro, iti viññāya paṇḍito;

Sakkaccaṃ payirupāseyya, mātā puttaṃ va orasaṃ;

Paṇḍito sīlasampanno, jalaṃ aggīva bhāsati.

‘‘Bhoge saṃharamānassa, bhamarasseva irīyato;

Bhogā sannicayaṃ yanti, vammikovupacīyati.

‘‘Evaṃ bhoge samāhatvā [samāharitvā (syā.)], alamatto kule gihī;

Catudhā vibhaje bhoge, sa ve mittāni ganthati.

‘‘Ekena bhoge bhuñjeyya, dvīhi kammaṃ payojaye;

Catutthañca nidhāpeyya, āpadāsu bhavissatī’’ti.

Chaddisāpaṭicchādanakaṇḍaṃ



"居士子啊,从四个方面可以知道只顾着拿走东西的人是假冒朋友的敌人。
"他只顾着拿走东西,想要用很少换取很多;
出于恐惧才做事,为了自己的利益才亲近你。
"居士子啊,从这四个方面可以知道只顾着拿走东西的人是假冒朋友的敌人。
"居士子啊,从四个方面可以知道只会说漂亮话的人是假冒朋友的敌人。他谈论过去的事情来亲近你,谈论未来的事情来亲近你,用无意义的事情来讨好你,在当前需要做的事情上表现出无能。居士子啊,从这四个方面可以知道只会说漂亮话的人是假冒朋友的敌人。
"居士子啊,从四个方面可以知道阿谀奉承的人是假冒朋友的敌人。他赞同你做坏事,也赞同你做好事,当面称赞你,背后诽谤你。居士子啊,从这四个方面可以知道阿谀奉承的人是假冒朋友的敌人。
"居士子啊,从四个方面可以知道只在享乐时作伴的人是假冒朋友的敌人。他在沉溺于酒类麻醉品时作伴,在不适当的时间在街上游荡时作伴,在出入歌舞娱乐场所时作伴,在沉溺于赌博时作伴。居士子啊,从这四个方面可以知道只在享乐时作伴的人是假冒朋友的敌人。"
世尊说了这些,善逝、导师又接着说:
"只顾着拿走东西的朋友,只会说漂亮话的朋友,
阿谀奉承的朋友,只在享乐时作伴的朋友。
智者了解这四种是敌人,
应该远远地避开他们,就像避开危险的道路一样。"
善意的朋友
"居士子啊,这四种人应该被视为善意的朋友。乐于帮助的人应该被视为善意的朋友,同甘共苦的人应该被视为善意的朋友,给予忠告的人应该被视为善意的朋友,富有同情心的人应该被视为善意的朋友。
"居士子啊,从四个方面可以知道乐于帮助的人是善意的朋友。他保护你当你粗心大意时,保护你的财产当你粗心大意时,当你害怕时成为你的庇护,当你有事情需要处理时给予双倍的帮助。居士子啊,从这四个方面可以知道乐于帮助的人是善意的朋友。
"居士子啊,从四个方面可以知道同甘共苦的人是善意的朋友。他告诉你他的秘密,保守你的秘密,在你遇到困难时不会抛弃你,甚至愿意为你牺牲生命。居士子啊,从这四个方面可以知道同甘共苦的人是善意的朋友。
"居士子啊,从四个方面可以知道给予忠告的人是善意的朋友。他阻止你做坏事,鼓励你做好事,告诉你你不知道的事情,指出通往天界的道路。居士子啊,从这四个方面可以知道给予忠告的人是善意的朋友。
"居士子啊,从四个方面可以知道富有同情心的人是善意的朋友。他不会因你的不幸而高兴,会因你的幸福而高兴,阻止别人说你的坏话,赞同别人说你的好话。居士子啊,从这四个方面可以知道富有同情心的人是善意的朋友。"
世尊说了这些,善逝、导师又接着说:
"乐于帮助的朋友,同甘共苦的朋友,
给予忠告的朋友,富有同情心的朋友。
智者了解这四种是朋友,
应该恭敬地亲近他们,就像母亲对待亲生儿子一样;
有智慧和德行的人,会像火一样发光。
像蜜蜂采集花蜜一样积累财富的人,
他的财富会增长,就像蚁丘逐渐堆积一样。
这样积累财富的在家人,有足够的财富,
应该把财富分成四份,这样他就能结交朋友。
一份用来享用,两份用于事业,
第四份应该储存起来,以备不时之需。"
覆护六方品

266. ‘‘Kathañca, gahapatiputta, ariyasāvako chaddisāpaṭicchādī hoti? Cha imā, gahapatiputta, disā veditabbā. Puratthimā disā mātāpitaro veditabbā, dakkhiṇā disā ācariyā veditabbā, pacchimā disā puttadārā veditabbā, uttarā disā mittāmaccā veditabbā, heṭṭhimā disā dāsakammakarā veditabbā, uparimā disā samaṇabrāhmaṇā veditabbā.

267. ‘‘Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi puttena puratthimā disā mātāpitaro paccupaṭṭhātabbā – bhato ne [nesaṃ (bahūsu)] bharissāmi, kiccaṃ nesaṃ karissāmi, kulavaṃsaṃ ṭhapessāmi, dāyajjaṃ paṭipajjāmi, atha vā pana petānaṃ kālaṅkatānaṃ dakkhiṇaṃ anuppadassāmīti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi puttena puratthimā disā mātāpitaro paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi puttaṃ anukampanti. Pāpā nivārenti, kalyāṇe nivesenti, sippaṃ sikkhāpenti, patirūpena dārena saṃyojenti, samaye dāyajjaṃ niyyādenti [niyyātenti (ka. sī.)]. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi puttena puratthimā disā mātāpitaro paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi puttaṃ anukampanti. Evamassa esā puratthimā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.

268. ‘‘Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi antevāsinā dakkhiṇā disā ācariyā paccupaṭṭhātabbā – uṭṭhānena upaṭṭhānena sussusāya pāricariyāya sakkaccaṃ sippapaṭiggahaṇena [sippaṃ paṭiggahaṇena (syā.), sippauggahaṇena (ka.)]. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi antevāsinā dakkhiṇā disā ācariyā paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi antevāsiṃ anukampanti – suvinītaṃ vinenti, suggahitaṃ gāhāpenti, sabbasippassutaṃ samakkhāyino bhavanti, mittāmaccesu paṭiyādenti [paṭivedenti (syā.)], disāsu parittāṇaṃ karonti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi antevāsinā dakkhiṇā disā ācariyā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi antevāsiṃ anukampanti. Evamassa esā dakkhiṇā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.

269. ‘‘Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi sāmikena pacchimā disā bhariyā paccupaṭṭhātabbā – sammānanāya anavamānanāya [avimānanāya (syā. pī.)] anaticariyāya issariyavossaggena alaṅkārānuppadānena. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi sāmikena pacchimā disā bhariyā paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi sāmikaṃ anukampati – susaṃvihitakammantā ca hoti, saṅgahitaparijanā [susaṅgahitaparijanā (sī. syā. pī.)] ca, anaticārinī ca, sambhatañca anurakkhati, dakkhā ca hoti analasā sabbakiccesu. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi sāmikena pacchimā disā bhariyā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi sāmikaṃ anukampati. Evamassa esā pacchimā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.

270. ‘‘Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi kulaputtena uttarā disā mittāmaccā paccupaṭṭhātabbā – dānena peyyavajjena [viyavajjena (syā. ka.)] atthacariyāya samānattatāya avisaṃvādanatāya. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtena uttarā disā mittāmaccā paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtaṃ anukampanti – pamattaṃ rakkhanti, pamattassa sāpateyyaṃ rakkhanti, bhītassa saraṇaṃ honti, āpadāsu na vijahanti, aparapajā cassa paṭipūjenti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtena uttarā disā mittāmaccā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtaṃ anukampanti. Evamassa esā uttarā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.

271. ‘‘Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi ayyirakena [ayirakena (sī. syā. pī.)] heṭṭhimā disā dāsakammakarā paccupaṭṭhātabbā – yathābalaṃ kammantasaṃvidhānena bhattavetanānuppadānena gilānupaṭṭhānena acchariyānaṃ rasānaṃ saṃvibhāgena samaye vossaggena. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi ayyirakena heṭṭhimā disā dāsakammakarā paccupaṭṭhitā pañcahi ṭhānehi ayyirakaṃ anukampanti – pubbuṭṭhāyino ca honti, pacchā nipātino ca, dinnādāyino ca, sukatakammakarā ca, kittivaṇṇaharā ca. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi ayyirakena heṭṭhimā disā dāsakammakarā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi pañcahi ṭhānehi ayyirakaṃ anukampanti. Evamassa esā heṭṭhimā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā.



以下是对文本的完整直译：
"居士子啊，圣弟子如何成为六方的庇护者？居士子啊，这六方应当被了解。东方应当被了解为父母，南方应当被了解为老师，西方应当被了解为妻子儿女，北方应当被了解为朋友同事，下方应当被了解为奴仆工人，上方应当被了解为沙门婆罗门。
"居士子啊，儿子应当以五种方式侍奉东方的父母 - 我将赡养他们，我将为他们做事，我将延续家族传统，我将继承遗产，或者我将为已故的祖先布施。居士子啊，儿子以这五种方式侍奉东方的父母后，父母以五种方式关爱儿子。他们阻止他做坏事，引导他向善，教导他技能，为他安排适当的婚姻，适时将遗产交给他。居士子啊，儿子以这五种方式侍奉东方的父母后，父母以这五种方式关爱儿子。这样，他的东方就得到了庇护，安全无忧。
"居士子啊，学生应当以五种方式侍奉南方的老师 - 起身迎接，侍候左右，恭敬聆听，亲自服侍，专心学习技艺。居士子啊，学生以这五种方式侍奉南方的老师后，老师以五种方式关爱学生。他们善加训练，确保他们充分掌握，传授所有技艺，在朋友和同事中推荐他们，在各方面保护他们。居士子啊，学生以这五种方式侍奉南方的老师后，老师以这五种方式关爱学生。这样，他的南方就得到了庇护，安全无忧。
"居士子啊，丈夫应当以五种方式侍奉西方的妻子 - 尊重她，不轻视她，不对她不忠，给予她权力，给予她装饰品。居士子啊，丈夫以这五种方式侍奉西方的妻子后，妻子以五种方式关爱丈夫。她善于管理家务，善待家中的人，不对丈夫不忠，保护积蓄，在所有事务中勤劳能干。居士子啊，丈夫以这五种方式侍奉西方的妻子后，妻子以这五种方式关爱丈夫。这样，他的西方就得到了庇护，安全无忧。
"居士子啊，善男子应当以五种方式侍奉北方的朋友同事 - 布施，爱语，利行，同甘共苦，诚实不欺。居士子啊，善男子以这五种方式侍奉北方的朋友同事后，朋友同事以五种方式关爱善男子。他们在他放逸时保护他，在他放逸时保护他的财产，在他恐惧时成为他的庇护，在他遇到困难时不离弃他，尊重他的后代。居士子啊，善男子以这五种方式侍奉北方的朋友同事后，朋友同事以这五种方式关爱善男子。这样，他的北方就得到了庇护，安全无忧。
"居士子啊，主人应当以五种方式侍奉下方的奴仆工人 - 根据他们的能力分配工作，供给食物和工资，照顾他们生病时，分享美味的食物，适时给予休假。居士子啊，主人以这五种方式侍奉下方的奴仆工人后，奴仆工人以五种方式关爱主人。他们比主人早起晚睡，只取给予的东西，把工作做得很好，传播主人的好名声。居士子啊，主人以这五种方式侍奉下方的奴仆工人后，奴仆工人以这五种方式关爱主人。这样，他的下方就得到了庇护，安全无忧。

272. ‘‘Pañcahi kho, gahapatiputta, ṭhānehi kulaputtena uparimā disā samaṇabrāhmaṇā paccupaṭṭhātabbā – mettena kāyakammena mettena vacīkammena mettena manokammena anāvaṭadvāratāya āmisānuppadānena. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtena uparimā disā samaṇabrāhmaṇā paccupaṭṭhitā chahi ṭhānehi kulaputtaṃ anukampanti – pāpā nivārenti, kalyāṇe nivesenti, kalyāṇena manasā anukampanti, assutaṃ sāventi, sutaṃ pariyodāpenti, saggassa maggaṃ ācikkhanti. Imehi kho, gahapatiputta, pañcahi ṭhānehi kulaputtena uparimā disā samaṇabrāhmaṇā paccupaṭṭhitā imehi chahi ṭhānehi kulaputtaṃ anukampanti. Evamassa esā uparimā disā paṭicchannā hoti khemā appaṭibhayā’’ti.

273. Idamavoca bhagavā. Idaṃ vatvāna sugato athāparaṃ etadavoca satthā –

‘‘Mātāpitā disā pubbā, ācariyā dakkhiṇā disā;

Puttadārā disā pacchā, mittāmaccā ca uttarā.

‘‘Dāsakammakarā heṭṭhā, uddhaṃ samaṇabrāhmaṇā;

Etā disā namasseyya, alamatto kule gihī.

‘‘Paṇḍito sīlasampanno, saṇho ca paṭibhānavā;

Nivātavutti atthaddho, tādiso labhate yasaṃ.

‘‘Uṭṭhānako analaso, āpadāsu na vedhati;

Acchinnavutti medhāvī, tādiso labhate yasaṃ.

‘‘Saṅgāhako mittakaro, vadaññū vītamaccharo;

Netā vinetā anunetā, tādiso labhate yasaṃ.

‘‘Dānañca peyyavajjañca, atthacariyā ca yā idha;

Samānattatā ca dhammesu, tattha tattha yathārahaṃ;

Ete kho saṅgahā loke, rathassāṇīva yāyato.

‘‘Ete ca saṅgahā nāssu, na mātā puttakāraṇā;

Labhetha mānaṃ pūjaṃ vā, pitā vā puttakāraṇā.

‘‘Yasmā ca saṅgahā [saṅgahe (ka.) aṭṭhakathāyaṃ icchitapāṭho] ete, sammapekkhanti [samavekkhanti (sī. pī. ka.)] paṇḍitā;

Tasmā mahattaṃ papponti, pāsaṃsā ca bhavanti te’’ti.



以下是对文本的完整直译：
"居士子啊，善男子应当以五种方式侍奉上方的沙门婆罗门 - 以慈爱的身业，以慈爱的语业，以慈爱的意业，不关闭门户，供养物品。居士子啊，善男子以这五种方式侍奉上方的沙门婆罗门后，沙门婆罗门以六种方式关爱善男子。他们阻止他做坏事，引导他向善，以善意关爱他，教导他未闻之法，使他已闻之法更加清净，指示他通往天界的道路。居士子啊，善男子以这五种方式侍奉上方的沙门婆罗门后，沙门婆罗门以这六种方式关爱善男子。这样，他的上方就得到了庇护，安全无忧。"
世尊如是说。善逝如是说已，导师又说了这个：
"父母为东方，老师为南方；
妻儿为西方，朋友为北方。
奴仆为下方，沙门为上方；
善尽家庭责，应当礼敬这些方。
智者具戒德，温和有智慧；
谦逊不僵硬，如此得名声。
勤勉不懒惰，困境不动摇；
生计不中断，如此得名声。
善于结交友，慷慨不吝啬；
领导教导人，如此得名声。
布施与爱语，利行与同事；
此处诸法中，随宜而行之；
这些摄受法，如车轴运转。
若无此摄受，母亲因儿子；
不得尊敬供，父亲因儿子。
因为这些摄受，智者善观察；
所以达伟大，值得受称赞。"

274. Evaṃ vutte, siṅgālako gahapatiputto bhagavantaṃ etadavoca – ‘‘abhikkantaṃ, bhante! Abhikkantaṃ, bhante! Seyyathāpi, bhante, nikkujjitaṃ vā ukkujjeyya, paṭicchannaṃ vā vivareyya, mūḷhassa vā maggaṃ ācikkheyya, andhakāre vā telapajjotaṃ dhāreyya ‘cakkhumanto rūpāni dakkhantī’ti. Evamevaṃ bhagavatā anekapariyāyena dhammo pakāsito. Esāhaṃ, bhante, bhagavantaṃ saraṇaṃ gacchāmi dhammañca bhikkhusaṃghañca. Upāsakaṃ maṃ bhagavā dhāretu, ajjatagge pāṇupetaṃ saraṇaṃ gata’’nti.

Siṅgālasuttaṃ [siṅgālovādasuttantaṃ (pī.)] niṭṭhitaṃ aṭṭhamaṃ.

以下是对文本的完整直译：
如是说已，辛伽罗居士子对世尊说道："殊胜啊，尊者！殊胜啊，尊者！就像，尊者，有人扶起摔倒的，揭开遮蔽的，为迷路者指明道路，在黑暗中举起油灯，使有眼之人得见诸色。同样地，世尊以种种方便开示了法。尊者，我今皈依世尊、法和比丘僧团。愿世尊接受我为优婆塞，从今日起终生皈依。"
辛伽罗经（辛伽罗教诫经）第八终。


